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Xanthium strumarium
Xanthium strumarium
L.
Family:
Asteraceae
rough cocklebur,
more...
Canada cockleburr, cocklebur, cockleburr, common cocklebur, rough cockleburr (es: cadillo)
[
Xanthium acerosum
Greene,
more
Xanthium californicum
Greene,
Xanthium californicum var. rotundifolium
Widder,
Xanthium campestre
Greene,
Xanthium canadense
P. Mill.,
Xanthium cavanillesii
Schouw,
Xanthium cenchroides
Millsp. & Sherff,
Xanthium commune
Britt.,
Xanthium echinatum
Murr.,
Xanthium glanduliferum
Greene,
Xanthium italicum
Moretti,
Xanthium macounii
Britt.,
Xanthium oligacanthum
Piper,
Xanthium oviforme
Wallr.,
Xanthium pensylvanicum
Wallr.,
Xanthium saccharatum
Wallr.,
Xanthium speciosum
Kearney,
Xanthium strumarium ssp. italicum
(Moretti) D. Löve,
Xanthium strumarium var. canadense
(P. Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray,
Xanthium strumarium var. oviforme
(Wallr.) M.E. Peck,
Xanthium strumarium var. pensylvanicum
(Wallr.) M.E. Peck,
Xanthium varians
Greene
]
Max Licher
Flora of North America
General Description
Resources
John L. Strother in Flora of North America (vol. 21)
Plants
10-80(-200) cm; nodal spines 0.
Leaves:
petioles 20-100(-140+) mm; blades suborbiculate to ± pentagonal or deltate, 4-12(-18+) × 3-10(-18+) cm, sometimes palmately 3-5-lobed, abaxial faces green, hirtellous.
Burs
10-30+ mm.
2
n
= 36. Flowering Jul-Oct. Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture; 10-2000 m; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico; Central America; South America; widely introduced in Old World. Recognition of a dozen or more taxa (treated as species, subspecies, varieties, and/or forms) has been proposed for plants treated together here as
Xanthium strumarium
. Bases for the various taxa mostly involved subtle differences in the burs.
Plant
: Monoecious annual forb to 80 cm; herbage glandular and scabrous
Leaves
: leaves alternate, long-petiolate, blades 5-15 cm wide and long, often 3-lobed, margins serrate
INFLORESCENCE
: primary inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower; staminate heads in clusters, involucre 0, receptacle chaffy; pistillate heads clustered below staminate heads, 2-flowered, 2-beaked, spiny, bur-like; phyllaries 0 or minute; chaff scales many, spirally arrayed, fused below, free tips spiny, hooked
Flowers
: Staminate flowers many; corolla translucent; filaments fused, attached to corolla tube base, anthers free; ovary slender; Pistillate flowers generally 2 per head; corolla 0; style branches long
Fruit
: Fruit: 2, enclosed in bur, germinating in successive years; bur cylindric to barrel-shaped; spines generally stout, ± glandular; pappus 0
Misc
: Disturbed areas; generally < 500 m.; Jul-Oct
Notes
: Flower has no corolla or pappus.Stamens monodelphous.Style unbranched.The spines on the fruit may be glandular.
References
: McDougall; Seed plants of Northern Arizona. Hickman, ed.; The Jepson Manual. ASU specimans
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Max Licher
Max Licher
Max Licher
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Liz Makings
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