PLANT: Shrubs, unarmed, 1 to 3 m tall. STEMS: erect, green-brown to gray at maturity. LEAVES: alternate, deciduous; petioles 1-2 cm long; blades broadly elliptic to ovate or oblong, 2-8 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, dark green above, light green below, often pubescent; margins entire. INFLORESCENCE: of axillary clusters, 3-15 flowers per cluster, usually exceeding the leaves. FLOWERS: white to dark blue. FRUITS: 3-5 mm wide NOTES: 2-3 varieties; WA, OR, CA, AZ, NM; n Mex. REFERENCES: Kyle Christie, Michael Currie, Laura Smith Davis, Mar-Elise Hill, Suzanne Neal, and Tina Ayers, 2006 Vascular Plants of Arizona: Rhamnaceae. CANOTIA 2(1): 23-46.